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Whispering In The Wind
John Grinder
Carmen Bostic St. Clair
J & C Enterprises
2001-12-31



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Modeling, Application or Design

In actual usage over the last several decades, the term NLP has come to refer to the general set of activities that includes not only modeling, but applications ot the product of the core activity of modeling¡Ýthe patterns of excellence coded from the sets of differences discoveres¡Ýas well as the teaching and training these patterns. In part, the drift in the meaning is a measure of the ineffectivenss of the co-creators to make clear and precise what NLP is.

The required distinction is the same as the distinction between physics and engineering, or medical research and clinial practice, or chemistry and pharmacology. Physics, for example, is the study of the patterns that govern the physical phenomena about us. Such studies over centuries have resulted in the coding of certain patterns, principles, laws of nature... An engineer designing a bridge will draw upon this body of tested and verified patterning (especially the computational formulae) to carry out his work. He is said to be applying the principles of physics in order to work how specifically the bridge should be constructed. Physics¡Ýthe study of the fundamental patterns of physical phenomena¡Ýcan be applied in multiple instances from bridge bulding to the design of extraterrestrial vehicles. Such examples are application of physics, pure and simple.

Comparably, the modeling of geniuses done by Grinder and Bandrer created the field of NLP, resulting in a series of models of excellence. These models coded patterns that govern the patterns of interactions among people in certain contexts (change work, hypnosis...). A business consultant addressing a challenge within a client company will draw upon the pattern. She will be said to be applying this body of tested and verified patterns in order to determine how specifically to resolve the challenge. NLP¡Ýthe study of the fundamental patterns of excellence in human performance¡Ýcan be applied (in the context of business practice, for example) to manegement practice, strategic planning, personnel, recruitment, new product design... Such examples are applications of NLP, pure and simple.

The meta model can, for example, be usefully understood to be an application ot the modeling of linguistic patterning inspired by Transformational Grammar.

It is important to note that in the coding of a large number of patterns in the initial modeling done by Grinder and Bandler is a set of variables. These variables (for example, state), inherent in each of the coded models, constitute an initial vocabulary out of which the patterning of excellenceis composed. Such variables may function as the design variables for creating and testing assitional patterns. While these may be largely variations on the patterning initially discovered and coded by Bandler and Grinder, it is possible to use them to develop genuinely new patterning and models. The new code (covered in Part­¶ under The New Code) is an excellent example of pure design, a pure manipulation of these variables. Thus, we identify the distinction between modeling and design.

Indeed, from our limited point or view, there is little activity in the general field knows as NLP modeling that strictly speaking should be so labeled. In fact, part of the motivatoin for writing this book is our concern that unless the distinction we are presently proposing is recognized and more importantly, the activity of modeling becomes in fact a significant activity of what is loosely called NLP, the technoolgy of modeling that produced such powerful patterning will simply fade away. It is, for example, almost impossible to attend a high quality management seminar in the USA or Western Europe without encountering any number of NLP coded patterns of excellence such as representational systems or much of the vgerbal patterning. Thus, unless renewed activity in modeling and the coding of new patterning of excellence becomes the touchstone for NLP, then it is quite likely that the patterns of excellence initially mideled and coded will simply be incorporated in the various applications areas. Once such an integration is completed, there will be no justification for anything called NLP.

Thus we are faced in this book with a difficult linguistic issue¡Ýhow shall we refer to NLP and its various activities. If we adopt the common usage of the term NLP, the critical point concerning modeling is lost. If we insist on the distinction between NLP modeling and NLP application, we are swimming upstream in the river of usage. 

So, may we swim strongly!

For purposes of the exposition here then, we will use NLP as a generic label referring to the entire range of activities from modeling through applivations to training. In any usage in this book, where in our opinion it makes an important difference, we will specity whether we are referring to core NLP¡Ýthat is, as presented above, NLP modeling ¡Ýor to some application of NLP¡Ýtherefore, NLP application. At times we will further distinguish application from training with the use of NLP training. In some cases, the intended distinction is clear from context (the surrounding text specifies the intention of the writers adequately) and we will avoid the artifical device we have selected for a written presentation by leaving the specification out of the presentation. Our hope is that the distinction will be clear and cogent enough to activate interest on the part of some of the readers and inspire them to commit to becoming proficient and active in the modeling of excellence ¡Ý that is,

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡NLP modeling.

¡Ê'Whispering in the Wind' p.50-52¡Ë

John&Carmen

















Whispering In The Wind
John Grinder
Carmen Bostic St. Clair
J & C Enterprises
2001-12-31



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Thus we are faced in this book with a difficult linguistic issue ¡Ý how shall we refer to NLP and its various activities.

If we adopt the common usage of the term NLP, the critical point concerning modeling is lost. If we insist on the distinction between NLP modeling and NLP application, we are swimming upstream in the river of usage. 

So, may we swim strongly!

¡Ê'Whispering in the Wind' p.51¡Ë

John&Carmen

















Whispering In The Wind
John Grinder 
Carmen Bostic St. Clair
J & C Enterprises
2001-12-31



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Comparably, the modeling of geniuses done by Grinder and Bandrer created the field of NLP, resulting in a series of models of excellence. These models coded patterns that govern the patterns of interactions among people in certain contexts (change work, hypnosis...).
¡Ê'Whispering in the Wind' p.50¡Ë



John&Carmen

















Whispering In The Wind
John Grinder
Carmen Bostic St. Clair
J & C Enterprises
2001-12-31



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In actual usage over the last several decades, the term NLP has come to refer to the general set of activities that includes not only modeling, but applications ot the product of the core activity of modeling¡Ýthe patterns of excellence coded from the sets of differences discoveres¡Ýas well as the teaching and training these patterns. In part, the drift in the meaning is a measure of the ineffectivenss of the co-creators to make clear and precise what NLP is.
¡Ê'Whispering in the Wind' p.50¡Ë

John&Carmen

















Whispering In The Wind
John Grinder
Carmen Bostic St. Clair
J & C Enterprises
2001-12-31



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Neuro-Linguistic Programming NLP

(NLP) is a modeling technology whose specific subject matter is the set of differences that make the difference between the performance of geniuses andthat of average performars in the same field or activity. In this sense, the objective of modeling studies in NLP is to explicate in a transfer able and learnable code these sets of difference. The core activity, then, is the mapping of 
tacit knowledge onto an explicit model. This meta-discipline was created by John Grinder and Richard Bandler in the early 70's.
('Whisperingin the Wind' p.50)



John&Carmen

















Whispering In The Wind
John Grinder 
Carmen Bostic St. Clair
J & C Enterprises
2001-12-31


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We propose that NLP, both in its core activity, modeling, and its applications can be usefully understood to be a higher order operational epistemology.
¡Ê'Whispering in the Wind' p.10¡Ë 


John&Carmen
















Whispering In The Wind
John Grinder
Carmen Bostic St. clair
J & C Enterprises
2001-12-31




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We propose, in contrast, that physics does have as its objective the coding of patterning in the world external to us. Such activity has historically begun with qualitative observations of the relations within FA. As the relationships become better understood, there is a movement to quantitative representations of the patterning. The next phase is typically to develop standardized measurements and to design experiments to verify the explicit and then the implicit consequences of the explanatory vehicle onto which the patterning is mapped ¡Ý these are called theories. Instruments are constructed to allow measurement of aspects of the theories that lie outside of FA ¡Ý beyond our ability to detect, sense and measure directly (that is, without instrumentation). When findings in this last phase begin to accumulate that are inconsistent with observations within FA, the physicist posits entities that are outside of the domain of FA ¡Ý hypothetical elements that serves both to allow the patterning detected to be described and then explained in such a way as to fit into the extended theory.

 

For example, the CERN facility (the principal research center in western Europe for fundamental research in particles physics located in Switzerland) is close to announcing that they have detected the last of the elements posited by the standard theory ¡Ý the Higgs Boson element. This particle was proposed originally purely to fill a gap required to make the standard theory complete and consistent. Thus, there is great excitement that the scientists at CERN have identified events that they believe likely to be the first physical evidence for the actual existence of this theoretically required element.

 

Clearly, there are absolutely no events in FA that correspond to this element although if verified, it will take its place alongside other particles in the standard theory that the physicists hope will explain all physical events parsimoniously.

 

It is important to appreciate that the differences between appearances and reality are precisely the domain of physics in its current form. It is equally important to note that when physicists move from observation to description and then explanation, their work is subject to the same linguistic transforms that other disciplines are subject to. This occurs as the essential activities of description and explanation necessarily involve the neurological and linguistic (as well as the derivative forms of the linguistic code such as mathematics, logic...) transforms we are normally subject to. Thus, the neurological and linguistic transforms apply with full force in these aspects of their work.

 

For us, the two most compelling aspects of the work of disciplines such as physics are:

1. 
there is an ongoing commitment to an instrumentation strategy that maps from the portions of the electromagnetic spectrum that are outside of the domain of FA back into FA where observation and patterning become possible.

2. 
Instrumentation is also deployed to gain access to the very large and the very small, the very fast and the very slow ¡Ý that is, to aspects of the world that in some cases fall within our tiny apertures of perception in FA but because of variables such as those mentioned - size, speed... - the sensory apparatus that we have as the legacy of our species are incapable of mapping them into FA.

 

The practical applied successes of these rarified theories of physics serve to remind us that while we will never have direct sensory access to the real world, it is possible to detect and codify patterns that apparently operate in that domain to great practical advantage.

 

The twin-intertwined strategies of instrumentation and measurement give physics and associated fields of science a special epistemological status in those portions of their activities that are confined to these strategies. They are, at present, the only candidates for activities that approach touching directly on the real world (whatever strange domain that may be). This follows from the fact that the instruments are not subject to the same set of neurological transforms that define the processes that yield the events in FA.

¡Ê'Whispering in the Wind' p.36-38¡Ë

John&Carmen














Whispering In The Wind

John Grinder 
Carmen Bostic St. Clair
J & C Enterprises
2001-12-31




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The reader familiar with NLP application work with the unconscious will be aware of the issue in other contexts. In the analysis of effective communication, a speaker using negation will mention precisely the thing/action that he does not want and then negate what his words have stimulated in the listener by the use of one or the other forms of negation. This leads in the native use of language to the typical schizophrenagenic class of communication by parents, for example, with their children such as,


¡¡Don't play with fire!

The sentence elicits through the natural meaning-making processes at the unconscious level in the child, images, sounds and feeling of the action playing with fire (that is, the child sees the image of a fire, feels its heat, and hears its crackling and then feels the movement within himself to play with it). Unfortunately for the child concerned, the adult then proposes its negation, that is, delivers the injunction NOT to carry out the actions simulated within the child by the adult's sentence. This is, in effect, a sequence that stimulates representations of precisely what the parent does NOT want and having stimulated those representations, offers an injunction against what has been so proposed. From the perceptual position of the child, the adult has proposed representations and then indicated that those representations are NOT permitted. The child is caught between carrying out the actions named and the injunction NOT to carry out.

 

A more intelligent, effective and congruent strategy, of course, is for the adult who wishes to signal the child that the ongoing (or future) behavior is unacceptable¡Êplaying with fire) to name another activity (one appropriate context, the child and the intention the adult has and mutually exclusive of the activity from which the adult wants the child to desist)  such as,

 

Gather up all the matches, bring them over here to the table and let¡Çs build a house with them!

 

¡Ê'Whispering in the Wind' p.34-35¡Ë



Whispering In The Wind

John Grinder 
Carmen Bostic St. Clair
J & C Enterprises
2001-12-31




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Logical Levels as Structure in the Linguistic Transforms

We shall call all hierarchical orderings that respect these two formal criteria hierarchies ordered by logical inclusion, or more simply, logical levels. The two criteria, then, for logical inclusion are:

1. constriction - reduced coverage under each successive partition induced by relative clause formation

2. inheritability - the preservation of the set membership criteria under partition by relative clause formation

As stated above, the events presented to us at First Access (FA) are the product of a set of neurological transforms beginning at the point where our receptors and the external world of actual stimuli collide and terminate at their respective cortical projections. Linking the receptors and the cortex are a series of neurological structures whose functions we will call neurological transforms.

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The hierarchy generated by the decomposition of the original set boat into its component parts is certainly a legitimate ordering relationship - indeed, one that finds resonance in the products of the neurological transforms in the same way that the detached arm is a part of a plastic super hero toy, an iconic relationship.

Now apply the formal criteria that define a hierarchy of logical levels. Note that the new hierarchy fails to qualify as a hierarchy of logical levels on both criteria. The formal criterion of constriction fails by the simple observation that there are more bolts in the world than there are boats (equivalently, more threads than bolts). The inheritability criterion misses as well as the set membership rules that define the set of boats simply is not present in the definition of the set of bolts. One of the set membership criteria for the category boats, for example, would be that they float; bolts are typically made of substances heavier than water and patently do not float. Clearly, then, ordering relationships called hierarchies generated by part/whole relationships are of a different logical type than hierarchies generated by logical inclusion.

The distinction between natural and artificial partitions (and their resultant sets) constitutes a clear example of one of the differences between the internal logic governing the neurological transforms and the internal logic dominating the linguistic transforms. We further note that the hierarchies generated by natural language processes (e.g. relative clause formation) result in logical levels - the ordering principle for hierarchies defined by natural language is logical inclusion - a well-defined formal ordering. While there are tantalizing hints present in the current research as to what might constitute a natural part in the domain of FA (see Hoffman's comments on pages 102 - 105 in his excellent work Visual Intelligence), to the best of our knowledge thus far no corresponding formal characterization of the part/whole ordering relationships or hierarchies natural to the product of the neurological transforms at FA is available.

We briefly mention two additional examples of differences that distinguish neurological and linguistic transforms and invite the interested reader to review the more extended arguments presented in RedTail Math: the epistemology of everyday life (working title), Grinder and Bostic, 2002.

One interesting classification within language is that there are content words (normally all the nouns and verbs of the language, and their derivatives) and function words (the prepositions, articles, connectives, negation...). It is relatively clear that the nouns dog, cat, plane... and the verbs, strike, touch, see... refer to objects and actions respectively that correspond to specific portions of our perceived experience. To what then do the function words to, at, on, over, under, the, a, not refer? The usual answer is that they do not refer but rather are linguistic operators that indicate what the internal relationships among the content words are. The succeeding pair of sentences differs only by the contrasting pair of function words under and on:

 

The plate is on Jessica's table

The plate is under Jessica's table

The usual analysis is that the function words on and under specify the spatial relationship between the nouns plate and table. This seems intuitively satisfying. Now consider the sentence,

The pit bull is not attacking the German Shepard.

As speakers of English, it requires little effort to summon up an image, set of sounds and feelings that correspond to the sentence presented. However, consider the situation from the point of view of the dogs involved. Here we quote Gregory Bateson's excellent analysis of the situation.

In iconic communication, there is no tense, no simple negation, no modal marker.

The absence of simple negation is of special interest because It often forces organisms into saving the opposite of what they mean in order to get across the proposition that they want the opposite of what they say

Two dogs approach each other and need to exchange the message, "We are not going to fight But the only way in which fight can be mentioned in iconic communication is by the showing of fangs.

Gregory Bateson, Style, Grace and Information in Primitive Art in Steps to an Ecology of Mind) pages 140-141


The two non-linguistic entities (the pit bull and the German Shepard) have a problem ¡Ý how to communicate the absence or negation of an action in a communication system that does not contain negation as it is found in human linguistic systems. The point is that at FA ¡Ý the only domain in which the two animals operate ¡Ý there is no negation.

The reader familiar with NLP application work with the unconscious will be aware of the issue in other contexts. In the analysis of effective communication, a speaker using negation will mention precisely the thing/action that he does not want and then negate what his words have stimulated in the listener by the use of one or the other forms of negation. This leads in the native use of language to the typical schizophrenagenic class of communication by parents, for example, with their children such as,

¡¡Don't play with fire!

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Whispering In The Wind

John Grinder 
Carmen Bostic St. Clair
J & C Enterprises
2001-12-31



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The Distinction between Neurological and Linguistic Transforms


The fundamental refinement that we are proposing is the distinction between the set of neurological transforms (receptor to first point of access (FA) to the sights, sounds, feeling...) and the set of transforms called language (and its formal derivatives). This difference is motivated by a number of considerations, among them and perhaps most compellingly, the difference between the internal relationships that dominate each of these sets of transforms.

I see on the one side the totality of sense-experiences, and on the other, the totality of the concepts and propositions. The relations between the concepts and propositions among themselves and each other are of a logical nature, the business of logical thinking is strictly limited to the achievement of the connections between concepts and propositions among each other according to firmly laid down rules, which are the concern of logic. The concepts and propositions get "meaning" viz., "content" only through their connection with sense-experiences. The connection of the latter with the former is purely intuitive, not itself of a logical nature. The degree of certainty which this connection, viz., intuitive combination, can be undertaken and nothing else, differentiates empty fantasy from scientific "truth". The system of concepts is a creation of man together with the rules of syntax, which constitute the structure of the conceptual system.
¡ÊAlbert Einstein, Autobiographical Notes, p.13¡Ë


We offer the following examples to motivate the distinction in the logics (the internal relationships) within the two sets of transforms ¡Ý neurological and linguistic transforms and therefore between the two sets of transforms:

Ask a child to sort out a pile of toys. The child will group the toys into piles based on some perceived similarity: size, color, use... The child will NOT sort by manufacturer or price. This first set of criteria the child uses for sorting we will call natural partitions. Natural partitions are naturally perceived classification categories or grouping based upon characteristics that are the consequences of the interactions between the objects and the structure of the perceptual (receptor) and subsequent processing (neurology) systems that are uniquely human. Natural classifications are confined to distinctions available in FA. Through her actions, the child is implicitly communicating that she is creating a grouping on the basis of selecting some one dimension of the objects involved (
color, size, shape...) and ignoring all other differences. The selected dimension or part represents the whole ¡Ý evoking a classic iconic relationship.

Be careful here; we are NOT saying that this first set of partitions or groupings is a sorting by aspects of the objects themselves. We don't have access to the objects themselves, only to the results of the complex perceptual and processing operations to which these objects are subjected and thus transformed by our nervous system - more specifically, the f1 transforms from receptor to FA.

Sorting by price or manufacturer is an example of an artificial partition: that is, the partitioning in these latter cases has absolutely no basis in the perceptual experience of the child; rather they represent categories that are the unique creations of our species - categories developed and imposed upon those objects independent of any inherent perceived features of those objects as presented in FA. Artificial partitions are consequences of the linguistic transforms operating on FA.

Take as an example, a detached arm of a plastic super hero in the original heap of toys. How will the child classify this object? The most likely decision will be to place the detached arm with intact plastic figures of super heroes. Here is an interesting contrast between the two classes of logic. The logic present in the product of the neurological transforms tends to be iconic - part/whole relationships. Thus the detached arm is perceived to be part of the class of plastic super heroes.

Most of us use language without consciously being aware of the structures and processes we are employing. The example of the child sorting the toys demonstrates the difference between the logics of the neurological transforms and those of the linguistic transforms. We are asking you to note that language further transforms representations of what we perceive and that these resultant perceptions result in a different logical type of mental maps ¡Ý mental representations. Those of you experienced in NLPapplications will recognize the importance of mental representations in respect to change work.

At this point we will delve into the structure of the internal logic of language and how it acts to transform our mental maps. In the process we will explore the logic of ordering relationships (sets). Please note that we are using the term set in a colloquial sense not in its formal sense as used in mathematics) and their role in classification.

 

The internal logic of the natural language system (and many of its derivatives) is usefully and well modeled by the logic of sets. A logician would likely classify the detached arm into a quite different set than the child, putting it into a stack called parts of toys along with a loose wheel from a tractor. In what Korzybski called the territory - the neurologically transformed representations to which we first have access - there are no artificial sets such as the set of parts of toys. FA has no such groupings. The linguistically based transforms that operate on primary experience to produce our linguistically mediated maps excel at such groupings. Consider the following sets:

a. the set of all toys purchased before the child was 3 years old

b. the set of the child's favorite toys

c. the set of toys placed in the green toy box at the end of a play period

d. the set of toys purchased and given to the child by her maternal grandparents

The sets explicated in a-d are further examples of artificial sets generated by the logical structure of language - none of which have any necessary correspondences to the resultant perceptible distinctions available in FA.

Being somewhat more precise, then, natural partitions are those partitions defined over all and only those differences available in the product of the neurological transforms - FA. Natural sets consequently are those sets generated by natural partitions. Artificial partitions and the resultant artificial sets are formed by set membership rules defined on criteria NOT necessarily available in the products of the neurological transforms. Such resultant artificial sets use linguistic or linguistically derived criteria as their set membership rules. One of the principal language-based transforms by which artificial partitioning is accomplished (and artificial sets are generated) is what linguists call relative clause formation. Take the noun, boat, as in the sentence: I am looking for a boat!

 

The noun boat is itself a partition defined over the set of outputs of the neurological transforms (FA) and the partition induced by the noun, boat, is the name of a potentially very large set. Suppose that the reader were Interested in understanding what the speaker of the sentence meant, what she was referring to by the noun - boat

Applying one of the most fundamental verbal tools of NLP we could ask a specification of the speaker with such questions as,

¡¡Which boat specifically?¡¡
¡¡¡¡A boat that is sea worthy ¡¡

¡¡
¡¡Which sea worthy boat specifically?
¡¡¡¡A sea worthy boat that is capable of a voyage from California to Tahiti

¡¡¡Ä¡Ä¡Ä¡Ä¡Ä¡Ä¡Ä¡Ä¡Ä¡Ä¡Ä¡Ä¡Ä¡Ä


¡¡In diagrammatic form, we have an ordering,


¡¡A boat

¡¡A boat that Is sea worthy

¡¡A boat that is sea worthy and that is capable of going from California to Tahiti

¡¡¡Ä¡Ä¡Ä¡Ä¡Ä¡Ä¡Ä¡Ä¡Ä¡Ä¡Ä¡Ä¡Ä¡Ä

This dialogue could continue until a unique referent - a specific boat - is Identified. The formation of each relative clause has two consequences: the set under scrutiny (e.g. boat) is further partitioned, creating a more restricted set - that is, one that has fewer members in it. Please note that this observation holds if and only if the sets in questions are finite.

At the same time, the new sets and all sets that result from further partitions inherit the set membership rules for the original partition, boat. Whatever the set membership criteria are for the set boat, they will be preserved under any partition of that set by relative clause formation.



Whispering In The Wind
John Grinder
Carmen Bostic St. Clair
J & C Enterprises
2001-12-31



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The Naming Function

If some object in front of us has as part of its structure physical properties that will absorb all the wavelengths in the limited spectrum of visible light that correspond to what we can see except green, then with breathtaking epistemological disregard for the technical aspects of what is occurring in that small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum to which we have access, we ascribe to that something the color name green – note not because the object itself is green but because it absorbs all the colors of the visible spectrum except green.

 

This example is simply to point out that the assignment of some arbitrary sound sequence to some portion of FA is entirely conventional, both in the sound that is assigned and in how we make the assignment. 

 

Common everyday examples of this arbitrary naming activity are frequently found in the naming of objects by young children and especially within families where there is no standard non-technical way of referring to common everyday objects. 

 

For example, with the introduction of the remote control for operating televisions, CD players... at a distance, there has been a proliferation of terms referring to that object – clicker, remote, control, switcher, changer...

 

Language has enabled us to create advanced post-FA mental maps, mental representations, which ascribe characteristics to objects, people, processes.... which are pure artifacts of our requirements as human beings. Consider the questions that follow:

 

¡¡What is the difference between a weed and a flower, a freedom fighter and a terrorist, noise and music?

 

We are inviting you to recognize that language is an additional layer of distortion in perception. It is another source of illusion ¡Ý an apparently uniquely human transform layered on top of the neurological transforms we have been discussing.

As mentioned above, we have proposed that Korzybski was too conservative. We find it useful in the extreme to refine Korzybski's analysis known as the map/territory distinction. More specifically, it is essential to distinguish between two classes of mappings produced by two fundamentally different logical types of transforms: the first, the neurological transforms prior to First Access (FA) and second, the linguistic transforms, subsequent to FA. The transforms operating from receptor to FA are the first set of transforms (neurological transforms - we will sometimes refer to this set of mappings as f1) that induce a mapping onto a set of representations whose product is called the FA. As we have stated previously, FA is the set of images, sounds, feelings... that constitute what we call our first experience of the world. The second sets of transforms (linguistic transforms - sometimes referred to as f2) map what we call our experience of the world (FA) onto language structures.

¡Ê'Whispering in the Wind' p.27-28¡Ë


Whispering In The Wind

John Grinder 
Carmen Bostic St. Clair
J & C Enterprises
2001-12-31




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We propose that NLP, both in its core activity, modeling, and its applications can be usefully understood to be a higher order operational epistemology. By this statement, we mean several things: first that the operations defined both by modeling and by the application of many of the coded patterns of excellence that result from this modeling are operations that are designed to challenge the very processes by which we form portions of ourmental maps that we normally accept which we form portions of our mental mapsthat we normally accept without question. These challenges are designed to force a critical revision of significant portions of our mental maps, calling for a fresh perspective about the relationship between the conclusion wetypically draw from our experiences and the evidence that we use to justify such generalizations. In effect, such challenges, sensitize us to the mapping operations ranging from our receptors to the higher level codes by which we consciously attempt to make intelligent decisions about ourselves, one another and the world about us. This is the sense of the term operational in our proposed characterization of NLP.

uestion. These challenges are designedto force a criticalrevision of significant portions of our mental maps, callingfor a freshperspective about the relationship between the conclusion wetypically drawfrom our experiences and the evidence that we use to justify suchgeneralizations.In effect, such challenges, sensitize us to the mappingoperations ranging fromour receptors to the higher level codes by which weconsciously

By higher order in this characterization, we more specifically intend to pointout to the reader that the patterns that are the focus of NLP are not thepatterns of the physical world; those patterns of the physical world are the domain of physics and associated disciplines. The patterns that are the focus of NLP are the representations that have already been subjected to neurological transforms prior to our first experience of them – what in this book we will call First Access (FA). To appreciate what we are proposing requires a briefexcursion into the world of epistemology. We will state ourposition without attempting to motivate it in any great depth. The interested reader may wish to examine the full argument we make in RedTail Math: the epistemology of everyday life (working title), Grinder and Bostic, 2002.

¡Ê'Whispering in the Wind' p.10-11¡Ë

John&Carmen














Whispering In The Wind

John Grinder 
Carmen Bostic St. Clair
J & C Enterprises
2001-12-31



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A marsh hawk swoops swift and graceful over the damp meadow and then with a shrill cry falls like a broken dream precipitously to the earth... only to rise again triumphant in the hunt, itsprey grasped firmly in its talons.

For that suspended moment we witness without words, filled with rich textured sensory knowledge, confirmed in our identification with living things. We are for this brief passage of time closeto our non-human companion species. Our eyes focus with precision, capturing and savoring the grace, speed and precision of the falcon, our ears tune themselves to the sounds of the desperate movements of the prey's futile attempt at escape and the last wisps of the morning sea fog giving way before therising sun cools our face and hands even as we silently and smoothly shift position to follow the unfolding drama before us. We are alive; we are present.We witness without emotion, without judgment...

¡¡"Did you notice the wayhe turned on his wing to fall upon the rabbit?"

asks our companion... and the moment vanishes along with the coastal fog and we are again human, for better or for worse.

Whether we respond to the question or simply nod, the webis rent; the identification passes on the wind. The query throws open the gatesto a gust of images, sounds and feelings triggered by the words, generated without effort, indeed, without choice. The images of the specific way in whichthe harrier completes the drama are now replayed, not for appreciation but for comparison and analysis.

¡¡Did he pivot on his right wing or his left?

You remember seeing clearly the flash of the white band across his tail during thepivot and now examining your images, you realize that he actually turned on hisright wing before falling upon his mark. The word rabbit drags a long sequence of sounds, images and feelings ranging from an incredible launch by ajackrabbit you once saw out in the high chaparral through the warm furry sensations of the first time you, as a child held a small rabbit.
 
But wherever the words take you, they most assuredly take you out of the moment: the marsh hawk and the rabbit, the morning's mists and the rising sun, and all the experiences of those suspended moments are lost in a maelstrom of associations thatrush through your awareness dimly, converting this unique experience into another entry in the associated files within your neurology. Through language, the specific has transformed itself into the general.

Later that day, you will hesitate, only partially aware of the difficulty, as you relate the story to a friend and attempt to remember whether the last squeal you remember hearing occurred before the hawk dropped out ofsight or immediately after wards, whether the wind rose from your left or right, whether this marsh hawk was larger or smaller than the one you saw last week or whether the rabbit was fully grown... Sensory impressions sink into memory asyou reconstruct that moment.

But did that moment actually happen? Did the mistcool your face or did a complex heat and moisture driven interchange occur between skin and air that reduced the temperature of your face and hand? Did you see the marsh hawk out there in the meadow or in the area known as V-1 on your occipital lobe?

Why, of course, that moment happened...as surely as the sun rises. There is, of course, the problem of finding an educated person who will agree that the sun did actually rise as opposed to the earth having turned on its axis to reveal the sun precisely where it always was with respect to the earth.

Neurology and language - those two great sets of transforms that both separate us from, and connect us to, the world around us. Thus do neurology and language make fools of us all, each and every one of us!
¡Ê'Whispering in the Wind' p.9-10¡Ë

John&Carmen














Whispering In The Wind
John Grinder 
Carmen Bostic St. Clair
J & C Enterprises
2001-12-31



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In step #5, the client then selects three or more behaviors from this set and asks that the unconscious take responsibility for implementing these new behaviors in precisely the contexts in which the original behavior being changed used to occur.


The final step (#6) is a request to the unconscious to verify that the new behaviors selected to replace the original behavior are congruent with the requirements of other parts of the person, Should it prove that there are objections to one or more of the new behaviors, the practitioner has two choices: either replace the behavior(s) to which there are objections with other behaviors from the original set generated; or use the objection as the starting point for another reframe, beginning with step #3 in which there is a verification of some positive intention behind the objection made. All this remarkably can be accomplished by askilled practitioner without access to the content involved ¡Ý a distinctive advantage of this application of NLP to change processes.
 
¡Ê'Whispering in the Wind' p.222¡Ë  

John Grinder
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Whispering In The Wind
John Grinder
Carmen Bostic St. Clair
J & C Enterprises
2001-12-31




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Let's take as an example a man who has a drinking disorder - an alcoholic - or to people who desire to lose weight. It can beusefully applied to any addiction. In the typical case, an investigation of the client's past would reveal that he has succeeded in stopping drinking for limited periods of time but then returns to the bottle. If we were to make explicit what the payoffs ¡Ý secondary benefits or secondary gains ¡Ý of this behavior are, we positive intention. would discover one or more of the following:

 

he drinks torelax


¡¡he drinks toescape the pressures of everyday life


¡¡he drinks toachieve a state of sociability


¡¡...

 

Suppose that we focus on the positive intention of achieving access to a state of relaxation. This positive intention is the name of a set - namely, the set of all behaviors that offer the client access to astate of relaxation. This set will, by definition, always include the original behavior.

 

In other words, within the set of ways to achievestates of relaxation, we find a large number of behaviors, b(sports),b2 (reading), b(meditation b(drugs), bi+1(yoga), bi+j (alcoholism), bn (breathing exercises),(community service)... Once we have specified (partially at least) what the members of the set are, the change task is greatly simplified: simply select threeor more behaviors from the set to replace the behavior in question – in thiscase, alcoholism.

 

In a classic addiction case, such as alcoholism, thereis typically more than a single payoff or secondary gain involved. Thepractitioner is cautioned then to divide the change work into a series ofsessions, one for each of the positive intentions and their associated payoffs. Thus, the application of this step leads naturally to the generation of aseries of sets, each defined by each of the positive intentions behind the behavior to be changed.

 

It is interesting to note that these two steps (#3 and#4) need not involve conscious disclosure of content. More specifically, withthe aid of a robust, involuntary signal system, the skilled practitioner canremain entirely content free in her approach. The more remarkable thing is thatall this can be managed without the unconscious revealing the content involved- neither the positive intention nor the new behaviors. Thus, if the clientchooses not to have a conscious disclosure of the content or the unconsciousdeclines to reveal the information, the question presented by the client to his unconscious through internal dialogue in step # 3 is:

 

¡¡Is there apositive intention behind the behavior to be changed?

 

Or, equivalently:

¡¡Can you, myunconscious, confirm that there is a positive intention behind the behavior tobe changed?


In step #4, the request delivered by the client to his unconscious via internal dialogue is:

Develop a range of behaviors, all of which satisfy the positive intention you have already confirmed lies behind the behavior to be changed, and select three or more of these behaviors for implementation. When you have completed this task, please give me a positive signal.


This pattern guarantees that the client will not lose access to the payoffs the original behavior delivered. It has been our experience over some 35 accumulated years, that the major difficulty that confronts most therapeutic practitioners – resistance - simply does not occur.

 

Resistance, then, we propose, is a particularly important form of non-verbal feedback that carries the message that the change process being applied has not identified adequately the positive intentions behind the behavior to be changed or the alternative behaviors to satisfy those intentions are unsatisfactory. This is equivalent to saying that the behavior that the client says consciously he wishes to change has significant secondary payoffs that are not being respected by the change process presently being implemented. This is another way of saying that the person is engaging in a behavior that represents the best choice available at present within the limits of her own mental maps, given her perception of the context in which she finds herself. In this pattern., More specifically, in steps #3 and # 4, this principle is fully respected and resistance is obviated. 
¡Ê'Whispering in the Wind' p.220-222¡Ë  


John Grinder
Grinder











Whispering In The Wind
John Grinder
Carmen Bostic St. Clair
J & C Enterprises
2001-12-31




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Steps 3 and Step 4 define conceptually the heart of reframing, and while they are best accomplished in two discrete moves, we will discuss them together here. The strategy is to identify what the positive intention behind the behavior to be changed is (step 3) and subsequently to generate a new set, namely, the set of behaviors that will satisfy this positive intention (step 4).

 

We present an example to assist the reader in 4 appreciating how specifically this strategy (to identify positive intention anddevelop alternatives) works. Remember that in practice, it is typical that thepractitioner will not know What the content of the change being effected is ¡Ý secret therapy, one of the distinguishing advantages of NLP applications asapplied by the agent of change to the change process. Indeed, while the clientwill know what the change being made is (as a result of having accomplished step #1) ¡Ý in many cases he or she will not know consciously what the positive intention(s) behind the behavior to be changed is; nor will such a client consciously know what the new behaviors that will replace original behavior are - until such time as they actually enter the contexts where the former behaviorused to occur. It is only at that point that they will discover what new behaviors were that were unconsciously selected to satisfy the positive intention.
¡Ê'Whispering in the Wind' p.219-220¡Ë 


John Grinder
Grinder












Whispering In The Wind
John Grinder
Carmen Bostic St. Clair
J & C Enterprises
2001-12-31




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In step 2 the agent of change arranges the essential process that makes the rest of the pattern actually work. It is a respectful interactive dialogue within the client whereby he or she uses internal dialogue (talking to themselves) to present a series of prompts consisting of frames and questions to which he or she will then passively await the responses from the unconscious. It is the involuntary nature of these responses ¡Ý physiological responses that cannot be reproduced by the conscious mind - that ensures that the pattern is not some arbitrary self-serving delusional and ultimately futile exercise.

 

The initial frames that the client presents to their unconscious acknowledges the conscious desire of the client (obviously promptedby the practitioner) to involve his or her unconscious intimately in the change process. While there are many variations on how specifically the process of actually establishing the signal system can be accomplished, the simplest and most transparent is to present to the unconscious in the form of internal dialog the following question,

 

Will you (referring to his or her own unconscious) communicate with me?

 

After presenting this question, the client is instructed by the practitioner to wait passively with their attention focused on their kinesthetic system body sensations)  to detect the response from the unconscious.When a change in sensation arrives, the client simply validates its arrival (atouch on the portion of the body where the sensation occurred and a thank you delivered through internal dialogue). The client next engages in a procedure to determine what the signal represents ¡Ý after all, a body sensation is simply asensation. The disambiguation procedure to determine whether the signal means yes or no as an answer to the original question posed, proceeds simply by presenting the following statement to their unconscious (again using internal dialogue),

 

If the signaljust offered means yes, please repeat it.


The subsequent use of framing (explaining the need for a no signal ina frame and then requesting one) will yield the negativein voluntary counterpart.

Now comes the critical step. Requesting that the unconscious remain inactive, the client is instructed by the practitioner to reproduce each of the signals, yes and no, consciously - that is, without entering into an altered state, If the client proves incapable of consciously reproducing the signals offered by the unconscious ¡Ý that is, the signal(s) is involuntary, then step 2 is accomplished. If the client succeeds in reproducing one or the other of the two signals ¡Ý the signal is voluntary and the client isinstructed through the use of framing to request of the unconscious alternative signal(s) which are then subjected to the voluntary/involuntary test, untilin voluntary signals are achieved.


This, then, is an example of a much more general procedure diagrammatically presented below¡§
¢¨¿Þ¤Ï¾Êά


This process literally positions the unconscious in an appropriate way - one of the essential corrections to the classic code formats mentioned previously. Hopefully it also suggests to the trained NLP practitioner an entire generative class of formats to directly involve the unconsciousin the change process. The procedure carries a number of advantages. One obvious one is that the unconscious is superior in its competency for accessing the long term and global effects of some particular change with respect to consequences. Consciousness with its limitation of 7
¡Þ2 chunks of information is ill-equipped to make such evaluations.

 

One less obvious advantage is to compare any pattern with this procedure (in whatever variant) with direct hypnosis. Hypnosis,especially in its deeper forms, typically implies a severe disassociation between conscious and unconscious. Indeed, one of the indicators that hypnosis is the treatment of choice is when the agent of change is presented with a client who isso filled with conscious requirements for understanding; has beliefs about theim possibility of change... that the agent of change determines these behaviors will greatly impede the client's ability to make changes. Thus, through hypnotic techniques that by pass the client's conscious mind entirely and therefore the obstacles that clients' conscious activities represent, a skillful hypnotist can stimulate the client's unconscious to make rapid and deep change in spite of such conscious patterns.

 

Please note, however, one of the ethical commitments of well-trained NLP practitioners is a sort of mental gymnastic whereby the practitioner makes note of any disassociations she induces in her clients andensures in the dean up phase at the end of the session that all such disassociations are reversed - that is, some corresponding association technique is required to re-integrate the portions of the client disassociated as part of the change process. Clearly hypnosis itself is disassociative inthis sense, as consciousness typically plays no part in its application. Thusthe hypnotist must accept the responsibility of making arrangements for are integration of consciousness and unconsciousness as part of the clean upafter a piece of work.


In steps 2 through 6 of the reframing pattern, all of which involved the use of this involuntary signal system, the client will be alternating between a ¡Ènormal¡É state of consciousness (communicating with the practitioner) and an altered state of consciousness (usually a light to medium trance state).

 

Thus, we regard this class of procedures (the shifting altered state of the client during steps 2¡Ý6) as congruent with the position that Erickson held at the end of his career. When asked the following question,


¡¡How deep analtered state should a hypnotist strive for with his clients?

 

Erickson replied,

 

Only as deep asnecessary to achieve the therapeutic goals desired

 

In fact as we will explicate subsequently, the inclusion of some form of this involuntary signal system allows the conversionof any of the classic code patterning into new code in the sense of significantly correcting the flaws created by Grinder and Bandler in their original work together.
¡Ê'Whispering in the Wind' p.216-219¡Ë 


John Grinder

Grinder












Whispering In The Wind
John Grinder
Carmen Bostic St. Clair
J & C Enterprises
2001-12-31




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¡¡
A Comparison between the Classic Code and Six Step Reframing


To ensure that the reader's mental map isaligned with those of the authors, we offer an analysis of Six Step Reframing.

¡¡
¡¡Six Step Reframing 

¡¡
¡¡1. identify the behavior(s) to be changed

2. establish areliable involuntary signal system with the unconscious¡¡

3. confirm that there is a positive intention(s) behind the behavior(s) to be changed

4. generate a set of alternatives as good or better than the 1 identify the behavior(s) to bechanged unconscious behavior(s) to be changed original behavior(s) in satisfying the positive intention(s)

5. get the unconscious to accept responsibility for implementation

6. ecological check 


Step 1 is simply to verify that the client has identified some behavior that is concrete enough to apply the remainder of the patterning to. Note that no information about the desired state is elicited.

¡Ê'Whispering in the Wind' p.215-216¡Ë


John Grinder
Grinder












Whispering In The Wind
John Grinder
Carmen Bostic St. Clair
J & C Enterprises
2001-12-31



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I awoke in themorning feeling superb after thirteen hours of sleep and a good sweat out. Duringbreakfast, I thought through the task before me for the day – namely, explicating the patterns I had used as part of the previous day's work with the chronics. It was at that moment that I realized that I had absolutely noconscious access to what I had done.


I resolved therefore to arrive at the training facility early and to conduct an informal elicitation session with the participants, using questions such as,


¡¡Which of the demonstrations did you find most interesting?


¡¡And what struck you about that particular demonstration?


¡¡Which specific interactions between myself and the patient did you experience as most intriguing?


¡¡You found them intriguing, how specifically?

¡¡¡Ä


While seeking these classes of information from the early arriving participants with casual desperation in the back of the trainingroom, I noted my eyes wandering repeatedly to the front of the room and more specifically to the blackboard located there. Finally recognizing the familiartug of my unconscious, I excused myself and walked the front of the trainingroom only to find myself standing in front of the blackboard on which thefollowing was written in my own hand: 

¡¡REFRAMING

 

   1. identify the behavior(s) to be changed


   2. establish areliable involuntary signal system with the unconscious


3. confirmthat there is a positive intention(s) behind the behavior(s) to be changed

4.generate a set of alternatives as good or better than the original behavior(s) in satisfying the positive intention(s)


5. get the unconscious to accept responsibility for implementation


6.ecological check 

 

I stood before this pattern stunned by its simplicity ¡Ý a direct production of my unconscious ¡Ý a pattern that contains precisely the differences that would come eventually to distinguish patterns of the new codefrom patterns of the classic code. There is no doubt, nor was there any at thetime, that this elegant pattern was the product of years of work by both Bandler and myself and represented a dazzling integration of the influences of Bateson and Erickson.¡¡Yet what a gift!

Further conversations with participants revealed that some of them had noted with great interest that at some point in the sessions with each of the schizophrenics I had treated the preceding day, had run someor all of the points listed in the pattern (in varying forms). This was apattern that none of them recognized from the previous four days training that I had conducted and one that had been effective in the extreme. At the close ofthe day, one of them had asked me to explicate the pattern I had been using. My response was the pattern that now appeared before me on the blackboard.

To this day, and with many experiences both personally and with thousands of clients over the years which repeatedly have demonstrated that the unconscious is capable of enormously complex and creative acts when the proper framing and context have been established and the lead is releasedto the unconscious, I remain awestruck by this experience – the presentation ofa complete pattern for individual change, powerful in its consequences, elegant in its form and universal in its application.

¡Ê'Whispering in the Wind' p.210-211¡Ë 


John Grinder
Grinder












Whispering In The Wind

Whispering In The Wind

John Grinder
Carmen Bostic St. Clair
J & C Enterprises
2001-12-31



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St. Paul's Psychiatric Hospital

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The Breakthrough Pattern


The historical narrative continues:  


It was late on a Thursday afternoon when I (John Grinder) arrived from Europe by plane at Sea Tac (Seattle Tacoma airport). Although the work trip had been strenuous and the temporal displacement from Europe to the west coast of the US required careful management, I was looking forward to the next three days. 


Several months before, I had presented a four-dayseminar to the professional staff of St. Paul's Psychiatric Hospital in Vancouver, British Columbia. The training had been explicitly designed to offerprecise patterns and strategies to the psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses andancillary staff of this psychiatric Institute. The initial training had been well received and the agreement was that the participants would spend the intervening several months integrating the patterns presented into their work. I was to return to offer one day of demonstrations, working with chronic schizophrenics from the back wards, followed by two days of training ¡Ý both to explain what I had done during the demonstrations and to assist the staff incleaning up their own direct experiences of the last couple of months. 

After renting a car at SeaTac, I drove to Vancouver and checked into the hotel. I sensed an imbalance and resolved to get a fullnight's sleep to begin work freshly the following day. When I awoke the following morning, I knew I was in trouble. I was running a fever of 104F and although only mildly congested, I recognized the symptoms of walking pneumonia.I rapidly assessed the situation and decided the most effective way through wasto make a deal with my unconscious.

OK, I proposed, I need your help ¡Ý here's the deal. Iwill put my behavior entirely in your hands. My request is that you ensure that we perform at the highest level of quality possible in the demonstrations, assurely these professionals as well as their clients deserve the best we can offer. In return, I promise as soon as the workday is finished, I will go directly to the hotel, down a couple of shots of brandy, fall into bed and sweat this feverout.


The day went quickly
¡Ý as all days without consciousness do. I learned later through conversations with the participants that I workedwith five different schizophrenics during the day and, at least in the opinions of the participants, with high quality results. I must confess that to this very day, I have no access consciously to any of the events of that daywith the exception of pausing twice during the day (a coffee break and the noonmeal) when I managed to achieve some consciousness of my surroundings. Ichecked with my unconscious asking how we were doing. The response was immediate:


¡¡Hush up! I'mhandling this. 

Keeping the conscious part of the bargain, I went immediately after the day¡Çs work to the hotel, popped acouple shots of brandy, collapsed into bed and sweet oblivion. 

¡Ê'Whispering inthe Wind' p.209-210¡Ë


John Grinder
Grinder












Whispering In The Wind
John Grinder
Carmen Bostic St. Clair
John & Carmen Enterprise
2001-12-31



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A Punctuation of the Modeling of Ericksorn

1. the identification of an appropriate model (Erickson)


2. the assimilation unconsciously of the patterning used by the Erickson through rigorous imitative practice over an extended period oftime positively eschewing any attempt to understand consciously what we weredoing.

3. the evaluation of ongoing results strictly through feedback

4. upon reaching criterion - the ability to behaviorally elicit the same set ofresponses from our patients which were typical of Erickson in the same time frame and with the same quality - the sorting of the behaviors mastered into twosets:

¡¡A - the set of differences essential for eliciting the same responses
¡¡B - the set of differences that was accidental or idiosyncratic to Erickson's style

5. the codification of the differences, mapping them onto a description which allowed an efficient and effective transfer of these differences tointerested parties, using the same criterion as that mentioned in step 4 above.

6. the testing of the model through actual transfer with the attendantmodification until the transfer was acceptably efficient and effective.

The point we are pursuing here is that contained in step four. Steps two and threeof the modeling project ensure that the modelers have assimilated the essentialpatterns of the model with a minimum of conscious filtering (suspension of f2 filters). Step four guarantees that the modelers are performing with approximately the same effectiveness as the original model or source of thepatterning. Unfortunately, the modelers through the use of unconscious imitation have typically also assimilated portions of the model's behavior thatare irrelevant to achieving the powerful results typical of the work of the model. The modelers may be said to be in a state of unconscious competency - that is, they are effectively reproducing the behavior of the model but they arestill imitating and have no conscious understanding (no explicit model) of whatthey are doing. They can be usefully said to have tacit knowledge of the patterning that originated with the source of the patterning.

Step four isfocused on the sorting of essential from accidental differences and is a non-trivial task. In particular, it requires a dance between the actual behavior and the way it functions in the larger set of differences being coded with special attention to the intention behind the various behaviors. An example will servewell here.

Erickson was partially paralyzed at the point in hislife when Bandler and Grinder met him. This condition had given rise to certain behaviors that were clearly adaptations to his physical condition. For example, he had the habit of placing a small pillow on a retractable shelf which waspulled out his desk (the one normally used for a typewriter) and holding his right hand in his cupped left hand, he would lean forward restinghis left elbow on the pillow to support the weight of both arms.

Further, except for very special occasions, he wore no prosthetics for his missing upperteeth and thus was largely toothless (although only in the trictly dentalsense). This last condition resulted in a certain style of articulation whenspeaking.

Consistent with the disciplined non-cognitive assimilation phases (steps two and three in the above outline of modeling), both Grinder and Bandler spent months doing hypnotic patterning in an imitative mode includingthe reproduction of Erickson's characteristic posture (right hand resting intheir cupped left hand) and his style of articulation in voice (the result ofhis missing upper teeth). After some ten or so months of diligent practice bothmen were in agreement that they had achieved a mastery sufficient to consistentlyelicit the same class of responses with the same speed and quality - thusmeeting the criteria for initiating step 4.

The specifics of theanti-superstition program are simple enough to describe. Grinder and Bandler would take two clients as close in problem presentation and style as wereavailable. They would then do a piece of work with one of the clients using allthe behaviors typical of Erickson's work which by now had been mastered by eachof them as part of their disciplined practice. They would carefully calibratethe responses of that client. They would then take the second client and runthe same set of patterns as in the first case with the exception that theywould deliberately leave out some single Ericksonian behavior that they had included in the first case. They would then evaluate the results, comparingthe results they obtained with the two clients. The key question was,

¡¡Did leaving out the particular behavior that distinguishes the treatment offered tothe two clients make a difference in the results?

If the answer is yes, thebehavior involved will be maintained as a conditionally essential part of themodel. If no differences emerge, the behavior is apparently an accidental or idiosyncratic behavior that can be afely discarded without reducing the effectiveness of the model - so far o good, simple enough.


Note all this sorting behavior presupposes severalcompetencies not obvious in the behavior of the general population. Among these, we can identify:

¡¡1. a formal or syntactic frame of perception - it is ourimpression that the vast majority of people, professional or otherwise, whenfaced with the strong emotional content typical of therapeutic encounters donot respond by applying a perceptual filter which decomposes the experience intoits elements. More typically they respond emotionally to the content. Thisformal, syntactic filter, then, is an essential element for modeling.

¡¡2. acommand of behavior within oneself that allows you to segment your own behaviorin a highly charged emotional context with grave responsibilities and consequences resting on your ability to deliver results. More specifically, youmaintain the ability to decide which pieces of behavior to apply and which toleave out as part of the anti-superstition program being here described.

Continuing with this specific example, both of the men were certain that giventheir filter for decomposing Erickson's behavior into its component parts, they could safely discard both the posture (right hand held in the cupped left hand) as well as the characteristic voice quality which resulted from Erickson's lack of upper teeth. Each of them tested these intuitions with direct experience - that is, each of them ran double sessions with "matched" clients, in one case using the posture and in the second in the consequences obtained - so far, so good. 

¡Ê'Whispering in the Wind' p.179-182¡Ë



Whispering In The Wind
John Grinder 
Carmen Bostic St. Clair
J & C Enterprises
2001-12-31



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Methodological Commentary  

The model that captures some of the patterning of Erickson ¡Ý the so-called Milton Model ¡Ý was arrived at through a subtractive process. This process is so essential to the modeling of any complex system that it deservesat east an initial description.

We had assimilated Erickson uncritically duringthe unconscious uptake phase of modeling and demonstrated to ourselves, oneanother and our unwitting clients through imitation that we had masteredcertain portions his hypnotic patterning. The process of decoding ourselves took the form of challenging the superstitions we had temporarily accepted by suspending both belief and the requirement to understand consciously what we were doing in favor of experience driven by feedback. We had committed ourselves to a disciplined daily practice of reproducing Erickson's behavior with high fidelity. Our mark was to develop a reliable consistent ability toelicit the same category of responses from our own clients that we had witnessed Erickson achieving with his clients in roughly the same time frameand with roughly the same quality. This criterion would ensure that we hadcaptured behaviorally (in our own neurology) representations that were functionally equivalent to Erickson's own behavior. The challenge that now confronted us was to sort out which behaviors (and the corresponding underlying circuits) were essential to the enterprise of inducing and utilizing the altered states of consciousness for which Erickson was so well known; and which behaviors were simply stylistic or purely idiosyncratic.

What is at stake here is the ability of determining the difference between a pattern and thenoise in which the pattern is embedded. This issue contains an important methodological point.

In the standard design of medical, pharmacological or psychological experimentations, for example, the experimenter wishes to explorethe possibility that the some treatment regimen or chemical substance has acertain effect on some identified population. The experimenter will assemble anappropriate representative group drawn from the population that is of interest. Either through random assignment of members of this population or through anassignment designed to balance the two groups with respect to the variables the experimenter suspects are of importance she creates an experimental group and acontrol group. She then administers the treatment or chemical substance to the experimental group and expressly not to the control group. The control group inthe case of a pharmacological study will receive a placebo (an alleged inertsubstance) or in a psychological study an amount of contact time with aprofessional equivalent to the contact time the experimental group is beingoffered. At the termination of the study, the researcher will use some measurement system to determine whether statistically the two groups differgreater than can be anticipated through random variations. If such a differenceis discovered, the treatment or drug is declared effective for a specified percentage of the population.

Let us refer to this standard experimental designas additive. The experimenter is testing whether the addition of some condition (treatment regimen, drug...) produces a difference in what is accepted asotherwise equivalent population (the experimental and the control groups).

The methodology Bandler and Grinder applied in the coding of the set of renceswhich distinguished Erickson's superb performance from average practitioners of medical and psychiatric hypnosis can usefully be described as turning thisstandard design on its head - it is a subtractive strategy. The sequence ofevents that describe the modeling of Erickson (and the other studies of geniusthat created the field of NLP), was:

¡Ê'Whispering in the Wind' p.178-179¡Ë

Whispering In The Wind
John Grinder
Carmen Bostic St. Clair
J & C Enterprises
2001-12-31



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One week after this remarkable meeting, Gregory again called us to his home and urged us to put our modeling skills inservice of a dream he had carried for decades. In the '30's, married to Margaret Mead, and during the preparation for doing joint anthropological field work in Bali, the two of them had recognized the need to educate themselves onthe fundamentals of altered states of consciousness. It had already been well documented that the Balinese officially enter trance states as a normal socially expected and accepted way of achieving the performance states involvedin certain artistic activities such as dance. After making extensive enquiries, they learned of a renegade physician psychiatrist who had the reputation forbeing the most skillful of the practitioners of medical hypnosis, Dr. Milton H.Erickson. Their time spent with Dr. Milton Erickson had convinced Gregory ofthe man's genius in unconscious communication. Many years ater when Gregory was heading up the MRI investigations, he dispatched a umber of members of hisresearch group including Jay Haley and John Weakland to Phoenix where Dr. Erickson lived and practiced his arcane arts. As Gregory sald wryly during this conversation with a bemused look,

¡¡They all returned entranced by theirexperiences of the old man!

By this time, Richard and I had some familiarity with Erickson's through reading some of his published work and had already determined that we would seek access to this remarkable man. Richard immediately responded that he was prepared to leave now for Phoenix. Imagine my surprise to hear my voice uttering the words,

Thanks, Gregory, but I'm notready to do the modeling of Erickson yet.


We assured Gregory that we would do the model but not yet. Richard did not understand my hesitation ¡Ý how could he, when I, myself, couldnot articulate it. I knew enough not to go... yet.

More than three months passed before I succeeded in sorting myself out and achieved a state of congruity about going to Phoenix. Richard was delighted ¡Ý we called Gregory who likewise expressed genuine pleasure at e news. He confidently told us to go ahead andget on a plane ¡Ý he would meanwhile call Dr. Erickson and make the arrangements. He instructed us to call as soon as we got to Phoenix. We arrived the followingday in Phoenix, checked into a suite at one of the chain hotels there andcalled Gregory. To our dismay, he explained that he had spoken to Erickson and that while he was quite interested in meeting us, he had just finished the annual meeting of the Society for Clinical Hypnosis ¡Ý a taxing event for himand that he was sequestered with his three closest students for the next few days. 

We finished the phone call, looked at one another and went to work. We took a copy of the bible (Advanced Techniques of Hypnosis and Therapy, a richcompendium of articles written by Dr. Erickson with Jay Haley acting as editor) and located a number of trance inductions inside various articles. We readthese inductions to one another for the next hour or so until we agreed on howto extract from the patterning what we believed we would need for our purposes. We spent several hours analyzing these inductions, sorting through its various patterns until we thought we had a template. The distinctions in the meta modeland the fact that Erickson's work is so well done made it quite easy to sortthe content from the form. In all the content spaces we removed material Erickson had used to elicit the res ponses appropriate for the client involvedand inserted variants of the two messages we wished to present to Dr. Erickson:

¡¡Make time now!
¡¡
¡¡See us now!

And sometimes daringly enough even

¡¡Make time to seeus now!

We wrote out portions of the transformed version of Erickson's own inductions with the new messages embedded. We then flipped a coin. I won ¡Ý I was the one who got to do the induction on the phone with Dr Erickson. I insisted that Richard listen on the phone that was in the bathroom, out of my line ofsight with a washcloth stuffed in his mouth. Doing this task would require allthe focus I had ¡Ý I neither needed nor wanted any distractions from Bandler ¡Ý not in the form oflaughter or even giggles.

I placed the call to the number that Bateson hadgiven us ¡Ý Richard picked up the other phone in the bathroom. After convincing Betty Erickson, Milton's wife, and a very good hypnotist in her own right, that her husband really did want to talk to me, I heard a deep riveting voicespoke into my ear,

¡¡Yeeees, this is Dr. Erickson.

I could clearly hear hisbreathing and I said,

¡¡Dr. Erickson, this is John Grinder ¡Ý Gregory Bateson sent me.

and without pausing, I began the induction. For two and a half minutes (wehad timed it before the call), I moved through the induction containing the messages we had inserted, using to the best of my then quite limited knowledgethe master's own patterns. I was greatly encouraged by the slowing of his breathing and his continued acceptance by his silence of the induction I was presenting. I finished the induction by slowing my voice and simply finallystopping. A good 30 to 45 seconds followed (an eternity for me), then there wasa quickening in his breathing and he simply said,

¡¡"You boys come over hereimmediately!" 

The succeeding 10 months were filled with strange and wonderful experiences - we would spend 3 to 4 days with Erickson in Phoenix watching, listening and modeling him with micro muscle movement as he worked with his patients. Then we would rush back to California to torture anyone whocame within hearing distance with the patterning we were obsessively attemptingto master.

Hours daily were devoted to disciplined practice, both in official contexts and in any context that presented itself ¡Ý the waiter fixing the Caesar salad at our table suddenly found his feet were glued to the floor and wasunable to walk away.

Then there was the woman who had the good fortune to occupy the center seat between the two of us on a flight to Phoenix. She began thetrip sneezing and coughing and finished without a symptom and all we did wasalk to one another past her quietly about the dry desert air and its healing qualities.

We arranged re-induction signals with our clients once we had convinced ourselves that we had mastered the induction phase of the hypnotic encounter to save time since we wanted now to focus on utilization of altered states. Everything was hypnosis, nothing was hypnosis, the roof creaked, the floor trembled!

We were quite disciplined in refusing to attempt any overt analysis - it had been clear to us even before meeting Erickson directly that some of the syntactic variables that informed the meta model were involved in some interesting way with the linguistic patterning ofthis genius. However, we rejected any explication until we were satisfied withour behavioral competency in eliciting the same responses from our own clients that Erickson had both unselfishly demonstrated to us in Phoenix and had socarefully detailed in his articles. We set out to reproduce every hypnoticeffect in the bible (Advanced Techniques of Hypnosis and Therapy) as well asthose we had observed first hand ¡Ý we were flaming zealots.

As before, Richardwas ready before I-three times he proposed that we write it - the first volumeof what came to be known as Patterns of the Hypnotic Techniques of Milton H.Erickson, M. D.  - and three times my response was, Not yet, bro'

Once I had achieved the internal congruency, the actual writing of the first draft of theb ook (volume I of Patterns of the Hypnotic Techniques of Milton H. Erickson,M.D.) by Bandler and myself was accomplished in a single marathon of some 36hours - the subsequent clean up and polishing less than 8 hours.

¡Ê'Whispering in the Wind' p.175-178¡Ë

Grinder













Whispering In The Wind
Carmen Bostic St. Clair
John Grinder 
Published by J & C Enterprises
2001-12-31



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NLP's Third Model: The Milton Model

1975, Bandler, Grinder and Bateson all had their individual residences at 1000 Alba Road, Ben Lomand,California. The manuseript version of what would be published later that year as The Structure of Magic, volume I had been circulating among an excited group of people who had collected around the three men, Bandler, Grinder and Pucelik and who were assisting them with their research. Bateson had been provided with a copy of this manuscript some weeks earlier ¡Ý Grinder and Bandler hoped that he would recognize what they had attempted to accomplish. Their hopes were more than met when they were invited by phone to come over to Bateson's place where they were treated to an intellectual feast ¡Ý a remarkable and stimulating discussion with Bateson that lasted hours.

Gregory had a long wooden table in his dining room ¡Ý one worthy of a mythical Norseman, rough-hewn of dark wood and sturdy. Gregory pointedly positioned himself at one end of this monstrosity as if conducting court and indicated to the two younger men to seat themselves immediately at his right (Grinder) and left (Bandler). The conversation that ensued was enchanting. It is noteworthy (and it seemed so even at the time to Grinder and Bandler) that Bateson's command of the patterning worked up in themanuscript was so complete that little time was spent on actually discussing it.

Gregory offered a soliloquy, in large part reminiscences of the research he and his colleagues at MRI had conducted and then a strangely semi-apologetic rendering of (as he later clearly stated in his Introduction to The Structureof Magic) how he and his associates could have missed what we had, in fact, discovered and coded in the book ¡Ý "how well the argument flowed from the linguistics, how confusing it had been to attempt what he had done starting with pathology and cultural patterns." He graciously offered to write an Introduction to the book and then, as if rousing himself from an old and repetitive dream no longer of relevance, he fixed each of us in turn with his deep intellectually unforgiving eyes glinting with curiosity and intelligence and said,

¡¡OK, boys, what you have done is very good, but I am certain that¡¡what's in The Structure of Magic happened some time ago ¡Ý my question is whathave you found since coding the meta model.

We were enchanted ¡Ý here was a man, easily recognizable as an intellectual glant, who understood well enough what we were about, to leap to the new ets of patterning that were obsessing us atthe time.

 

¡¡Well done and...

Richard and I listened to his question in awe, looked at one another with perfect agreement, paused like cliff divers tomark the importance of that point of punctuation in experience before committing and then released a great wave of descriptions that flowed from uswithout effort.

Buoyant now, Gregory orchestrated us beautifully ¡Ý he would sitlistening intently to the two of us as we rushed forward into the patterning as if pursued. Sometimes one of us spoke, sometimes the other, sometimes both of us simultaneously as if attempting to fill his vast intelligence with our observations. He sat there between us, his eyes fixed at that special pointabove the horizon, processing thoroughly the reports of months of our work.

From time to time, he would freeze the cascade, breaking the spell, leaning back in his chair, dropping his gaze to point on the great table forward and tohis left, shaping the question that would guide these two madmen into shallower water - the question that would complete the pattern that connects in his rich internal kingdom, assembled over 7 decades of participation with intelligencein the world about him, the answer he wanted to continue his incomprehensible process.

We were like two dogs, attempting to guide their master to where they believed he wanted to go, sometimes dashing on ahead, sometimes nipping at hisheels, always attentive to his cues, always loyal to his intention.

The three of us arrived together then finally at the end of our long climb, exhausted and exhilarated. We sat back now, more thoughtful, no longer driven into the new,and presently curious about the now.

There was a new tone in his rich voice ¡Ý one suggesting deeper emotions than thus far expressed. The sharp edge of his intelligence that had flashed brilliantly throughout the long climb was sheathed. No doubt, among the dozens of case studies, the life stories, each with its own compelling set of metaphors, something had stirred deep within him for the first time in a long time. He quietly recounted certain events from his youth, the loss of his dear brother John and of choices in Switzerland not pursued - all as if musing to himself, comfortable in our attentive, but passive presence. He worked it out finally then to his own requirements; and turned his attentiononce again to us.

His counsel now rolled softly from him to us, areciprocal wave, but more refined and precise. He spoke of many things in thisway ¡Ý I will mention but two:

He asked how long we had been working together, collaborating. We responded, "Three years about" ¡Ý He urged us tosavor every moment as such productive and revolutionary collaborations were rare occurrences and often short lived. Richard and I caught each other's eye,confirming with a twinkle the confidence that only comes with certain knowledge of immortality and an irrevocably granted exception from the patterns other members of the species labored under.

He asked who else we had presentedthese post Magic I patterns to ¡Ý we replied, "To no one other thanyou." He indicated he was unsure of what positive steps to take but hefinished his advice by pointing out that

¡¡....they burned Joan of Arc for lessthan you have presented me here this afternoon.

¡Ê'Whispering in the Wind' p.173-175¡Ë

Grinder












Whispering In The Wind
John Grinder 
Carmen Bostic St. Clair
Published by J ¡õC Enterprises
2001-12-31



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The meta model can, for example, be usefully understood to be an application of the modeling of linguistic patterning inspired by Transformational Grammar. 
¡Ê'Whispering in the Wind' p.51¡Ë

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Whispering In The Wind
John Grinder
Carmen Bostic St. Clair
J & C Enterprises
2001-12-31



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Thirdly, observe that world class athletes, actors, actresses, negotiators, musicians... indeed anyone whose success depends on consistent high quality performance under pressure, develop rituals. These rituals are designed by these high performing individuals to allow them to voluntarily enter into or maintain high performance states. All of us intuitively attempt to accomplish this
¡Ý getting pumped for a sales call, rehearsing for an important meeting, preparing "mentally" for an anticipated challenge... That favorite bracelet or tie or that special way of entering a room - all are personal dynamic anchors for re-accessing some favored state within us for  performing some particular task or responding to some challenge with excellence. Thus, we can readily observe in ourselves and in those around us the use of rituals as a spontaneous utilization of naturally occurring iconic anchors tore-access highly valued states of high performance.

¡Ê'Whispering in the Wind p.234-235¡Ë

John&Carmen













Whispering In The Wind
John Grinder 
Carmen Bostic St. Clair
John & Carmen Enterprise
2001-12-31



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Whispering In The Wind

John Grinder 
Carmen Bostic St. Clair
J & C Enterprises
2001-12-31




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Multiple Perceptual Positions


We turn our attention, then, to a second pattern that finds explicit form in the new code – the pattern called multiple perceptual positions. In the creation of the new code, the patterning (formats) that confers the ability to occupy multiple perceptual positions is made explicit. It is important to appreciate what this ability represents epistemologically and how it provides leverage points for choice.  

In the epistemology developed at the beginning of Whispering and in other places throughout the book, we have made the point that what we normally refer to as the world is a fundamentally transformed set of representations (FA). Prior to our gaining access to it, the data streaming in from our receptors has been modified by the neurological transforms that define the human nervous system. We captured this point by making the provocative statement that Korzybski was too conservative: not only is the map not territory, but his territory isn't even the territory. We went on to argue that after First Access, we typically apply a second set of transforms that are linguistic in nature (or derivative of linguistic mappings).

We are now asking you to recognize a further filtering or transformation of our experience, unique and specific to each of us as individuals – here we are pointing to the cumulative effects of what we call our personal history.

How, then, are we to understand the term personal history in this context? What is clear is that every natural language offers a rich set of transforms that can be applied to FA. However, at the point when we master the fundamentals of our native tongue, we have no appreciation of any of these facts. What in fact happens is that we intuitively model the linguistic competencies (or lackthereof) of the major influential figures in our life at this point¡Ýusually our parents and members of our family of origin. This is equivalent to saying that out of the full set of transforms offered by our native language, we unconsciously adopt a smaller subset – more specifically, those of our models. This implies that we rarely (without great personal discipline and supporting tools) come to a mastery of the full array of choices offered by our native tongue. The situation here is analogous to the unconscious modeling that results in each of us developing an unconsciously preferred representational system.

This early unconscious modeling of linguistic competencies also explains how the meta model functions to create choice - as it is an explicit method for challenging and expanding the set of linguistic competencies of the individual, client or user. The cumulative effect of unconsciously and systematically applying our personal limited subset of linguistic transforms to our experience (FA) over years is what we call our mental maps or models of the world. In turn through the process of feed-forward, these mental maps become an additional set of filters on our experience. Thus, our personal history is best represented by the mental maps that are the generalizations that we have made over our lifetime, using whatever set of linguistic competencies we happen to have developed.

Many students of NLP, especially in their initial enthusiasm for the effective use of the patterning, seize upon an epistemologically peculiar (and impossible) goal. The task they set about to accomplish is to free temselves from all perceptual filters, often stating that thereby they will appreciate the world without distortion. Such a naive project is surely incoherent. A significant part of what it means to be a member of our speciesis precisely defined by the set of filters that we identified as the ftransforms. It is difficult to know what it might mean to actually free one's self of such filters.

Although, it is not possible to free one's self from all filtering of the world around us, it is possible to manipulate the distortions resulting from specific ftransforms. We direct your attention once again towards our previous point, namely, that we as children selected (from the array of linquistic patterns available to us as mapping functions) a limited subset normally those of ourfamily of origin. The cumulative effects over a lifetime of that unconscious selection lead to the development of our mental maps. Focusing our attention on the f2 transforms, a coherent possibility presents itself; namely, that one can train oneself to be excellent at deliberately shifting filters – indeed, to genuinely enter into another perceptual position is synonymous with shifting perceptual filters.


When an individual deliberately trains himself to master the art of shifting perceptual filters, he expands his world of choice. Equipped with a process to systematically offer to himself an array of choices that were previously unavailable, the ability to generate new behaviors in old contexts manifests itself. A natural consequence of creating multiple descriptions of the world¡Ýhence more choice - is more flexibility about how specifically one may act in any given context.

Among the simplest methods to create more choice - a leverage point for flexibility - we can identify the following:

 

1. shifting attention – more specifically, deliberately selecting new portions of the world of experience to attend to as well as how specifically we attend to them.

2. adopting the characteristics and perceptions of some identifiable group. As an example to give the reader a taste of this, imagine what a well-aged hunk of cheese represents from the point of view of:

¡¡a. a mouse

¡¡b. a cow

¡¡c. a starving student

¡¡d. a lactose intolerant patient

¡¡e. a marketing executive

¡¡f. a lawyer

¡¡g. an accountant

¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦

3. systematically shifting perceptual position from one to another of the three privileged perceptual positions specified by Triple Description. We would like to note here that number 2 above could be classified as a generalized 2nd.


4. developing and deploying with discipline the art of multiple description through the explicit manipulation of the linguistic competencies available. In particular, we are suggesting that the reader use the differences proposed by the processes of description, interpretation and evaluation.

Note that within the potentially limitless set of perceptual positions we can learn to occupy, there is a privileged set that we call Triple Description, listed as number 3 above.
¡Ê'Whispering in the Wind' p.246-248¡Ë

John&Carmen

















Amazon:

Whispering In The Wind
John Grinder
Carmen Bostic St. Clair
John & Carmen Enterprise
2001-12-31





NLP
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TripleDescription

One of the differences between the classic code and the new code is the aggressive exploitation of the power and wisdom of unconscious processing¡Ýwhen properly organized and framed. We exploit precisely this property of unconscious functioning with respect to the application of Triple Description
and its consequences. Among the formats of the new code, Triple Description, in its application, is one of the ways in which a shift to reliance on unconscious processing and an explicit format for shifting perceptual filters takes form. Triple Description is fundamentally an epistemological format.

Triple Description was originally inspired by Bateson's notion of double description (see Steps to an Ecology of Mind as well as Mind and Nature, e.g. page 235) ¡Ý a statement about the inevitability and the attendant wisdom of perceiving any particular phenomenon frommore than one perceptual position. Bateson pointed out that this movement toward achieving a double description occurred from the most fundamental levels of neurological organization – for example, the unconscious saccadic eye movements that we are all subject to that guarantee that we are, in fact, perceiving what we see from two constantly shifting perspectives¡Ýto even higher levels of organization (the system of checks and balances within modern western European and North American political systems). 

Triple Description also owes much toCastaneda's definition of a warrior as a person who collects multiple descriptions of the world (without any movement to resolve the question of which of these descriptions represents reality). Such a position is fully congruent with the epistemology developed in Chapter 1. The question is NOT

What is real?

But, rather

How many ways can we appreciate what surrounds us?

Triple Description itself is the ability to enter into three distinct and highly valued perceptual positions: namely,

1) 1st position: the perceptual position of the person himself – that is, he is seeing through his own eyes, hearing through his own ears and in contact with his body. The person is fully present.

2) 2nd position: the perceptual position of the other person(s)

involved in the context under consideration, seeing the context (including youyourself as an actor in that context) through the eyes (and perceptual positionof the other person(s); hearing the context through the ears of the otherperson(s); and feeling what the other person(s) is experiencing kinestheticallyin the context under consideration. 
    

3) 3rd position: a perceptual position fromwhich you are able to see and hear clearly and cleanly that which is occurring in the context under consideration including a representation of yourself as one of the actors, from this privileged outside perceptual positions, director or observer position. 

¡Ê'Whispering in the Wind' p.248-250¡Ë

John&Carmen

















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Whispering In The Wind
John Grinder
Carmen Bostic St. Clair
John & Carmen Enterprise
2001-12-31






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But what is the chain of excellence if not a simple explication of the mechanisms behind calibration? The chain of excellence proposes that our ability to perform with excellence has certain associated states and each such state has associated with it a specific physiology. This connection between performance/behavior and underlying states with their own associated physiologies is, in fact, the fundamental observation about how we communicate non-verbally and identifies that which makes calibration possible.

 We "know" that our spouse or close friend is not in a mood to consider positively an offer to dine or go to the theatre by the tone of voice, or posture, or breathing pattern or more likely, by the Gestalt or overall physiological pattern he or she presents to us unconsciously and which we typically detectand respond to unconsciously. If, in fact, we have calibrated accurately andare not presently hallucinating (projecting) our own emotions, suchcalibrations serve as the basis for successfully reading the people around us.The chain of excellence is simply the recognition and aggressive utilization ofthese commonplace observations: a careful drawing out of the implications ofthe fundamental process of calibration.
¡Ê'Whispering in the Wind' p.235¡Ë


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John Grinder
Carmen Bostic St. Clair

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John Grinder
Carmen Bostic St. Clair
J & C Enterprises
2001-12-31



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